Pros of Abortion a Baby Should Not Have to Come Into This World if Unwanted

The fence over whether abortion should exist a legal pick continues to separate Americans long subsequently the The states Supreme Court'south seven-2 conclusion on Roe 5. Wade declared the procedure a fundamental right on January. 22, 1973.

Proponents, identifying themselves equally pro-choice, contend that choosing abortion is a woman's right that should non be limited by governmental or religious potency, and which outweighs whatever correct claimed for an embryo or fetus. They say that meaning women volition resort to dangerous illegal abortions if there is no legal option.

Opponents, identifying themselves every bit pro-life, argue that individual human life begins at fertilization, and therefore abortion is the immoral killing of an innocent human beingness. They say abortion inflicts suffering on the unborn child, and that it is unfair to let ballgame when couples who cannot biologically conceive are waiting to prefer. Read more background…

Pro & Con Arguments

Pro one

The US Supreme Court has alleged abortion to be a fundamental correct guaranteed by the US Constitution.

The landmark abortion example Roe v. Wade, decided on Jan. 22, 1973 in favor of abortion rights, remains the police of the land. The 7-2 decision stated that the Constitution gives "a guarantee of certain areas or zones of privacy," and that "This correct of privacy… is broad enough to embrace a woman's determination whether or non to terminate her pregnancy." [49]

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Pro 2

Reproductive pick empowers women by giving them control over their own bodies.

The option over when and whether to have children is central to a woman's independence and ability to determine her future. [134] Quondam Supreme Court Justice Sandra Solar day O'Connor wrote in the 1992 determination in Planned Parenthood five. Casey, "The ability of women to participate equally in the economical and social life of the Nation has been facilitated by their ability to command their reproductive lives." [8] Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote in her dissenting opinion in Gonzales v. Carhart (2007) that undue restrictions on abortion infringe upon "a woman'south autonomy to determine her life'due south class, and thus to savour equal citizenship stature." [59] CNN senior legal annotator Jeffrey Toobin, JD, stated that Roe v. Wade was "a landmark of what is, in the truest sense, women'south liberation." [113]

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Pro iii

Personhood begins after a fetus becomes "viable" (able to survive outside the womb) or after birth, non at conception.

[31] [32] Embryos and fetuses are not independent, cocky-determining beings, and abortion is the termination of a pregnancy, non a baby. A person's age is calculated from birth date, not conception, and fetuses are not counted in the The states Census. The bulk opinion in Roe v. Wade states that "the give-and-take 'person,' as used in the Fourteenth Amendment [of the US Constitution], does not include the unborn." [49]

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Pro 4

Fetuses are incapable of feeling pain when near abortions are performed.

According to a review by Britain'south Imperial College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, "most neuroscientists believe that the cortex is necessary for pain perception." The cortex does not go functional until at to the lowest degree the 26th week of a fetus' development, long after almost abortions are performed. This finding was endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, [1] which stated that that there is "no legitimate scientific information that supports the statement that a fetus experiences pain." [142] A University of California at San Francisco written report said fetuses probably can't feel pain until the 29th or 30th week of gestation. [166] Abortions that late into a pregnancy are extremely rare and are often restricted past land laws. [164] Co-ordinate to Stuart Due west. G. Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham (UK), "fetuses cannot be held to experience pain. Not simply has the biological development not all the same occurred to support pain experience, but the environment after birth, so necessary to the evolution of pain feel, is also withal to occur." [ten] The "flinching" and other reactions seen in fetuses when they detect pain stimuli are mere reflexes, not an indication that the fetus is perceiving or "feeling" anything. [135] [145]

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Pro 5

Access to legal, professionally-performed abortions reduces maternal injury and death caused by dangerous, illegal abortions.

According to Daniel R. Mishell, Jr., MD, Chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, before ballgame was legalized women would ofttimes try to induce abortions by using coat hangers, knitting needles, or radiator flush, or by going to unsafe "back-alley" abortionists. [150] In 1972, there were 39 maternal deaths from illegal abortions. Past 1976, subsequently Roe 5. Wade had legalized abortion nationwide, this number dropped to 2. [seven] The World Wellness Arrangement estimated that unsafe abortions cause 68,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year, many of those in developing countries where safety and legal ballgame services are hard to access. [xi]

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Pro 6

Modernistic abortion procedures are safe and practice not cause lasting health issues such as cancer and infertility.

A peer-reviewed written report published by Obstetrics & Gynecology reported that less than ane quarter of one percent of abortions lead to major health complications. [159] [160] A study in Obstetrics & Gynecology constitute a woman'southward risk of dying from having an abortion is 0.six in 100,000, while the take a chance of dying from giving birth is around 14 times higher (viii.viii in 100,000). The study also found that "pregnancy-related complications were more common with childbirth than with ballgame." [3] The American Medical Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stated "Abortion is one of the safest medical procedures performed in the Us." They also said the mortality rate of a colonoscopy is more than than forty times greater than that of an abortion. [122] The National Cancer Institute (NCI), the American Cancer Gild (ACS), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists all refuted the claim that abortion tin lead to a higher probability of developing breast cancer. [22] A fertility investigation of 10,767 women by the Joint Royal Higher of General Practitioners and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists found that women who had at to the lowest degree ii abortions experienced the aforementioned futurity fertility as those who had at least two natural pregnancies. [14]

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Pro 7

Women who receive abortions are less likely to suffer mental wellness problems than women denied abortions.

A peer-reviewed study comparing the mental wellness of women who received abortions to women denied abortions plant that women who were denied abortions "felt more regret and anger" and "less relief and happiness" than women who had abortions. The same study also found that 95% of women who received abortions "felt it was the right decision" a week after the procedure. [158] Studies by the American Psychological Clan (APA), the University of Medical Regal Colleges (AMRC), and researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Wellness all concluded that purported links between abortion and mental health issues are unfounded. [152]

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Pro 8

Abortion gives meaning women the selection to choose not to bring fetuses with profound abnormalities to full term.

Some fetuses have such astringent disorders that decease is guaranteed before or shortly subsequently birth. These include anencephaly, in which the brain is missing, and limb-body wall complex, in which organs develop outside the body crenel. [12] It would exist cruel to force women to behave fetuses with fatal congenital defects to term. Even in the case of nonfatal conditions, such as Down syndrome, parents may exist unable to treat a severely disabled child. Deborah Anne Driscoll, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Academy of Pennsylvania, said "many couples… don't have the resource, don't take the emotional stamina, don't have the family support [to raise a kid with Down's syndrome]." [9]

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Pro ix

Women who are denied abortions are more likely to become unemployed, to be on public welfare, to be below the poverty line, and to become victims of domestic violence.

A Academy of California at San Francisco study found that women who were turned away from ballgame clinics (because they had passed the gestational limit imposed past the dispensary) were three times more probable to be below the poverty level ii years later than women who were able to obtain abortions. 76% of the "turnaways" ended upwards on unemployment benefits, compared with 44% of the women who had abortions. The aforementioned study constitute that women unable to obtain abortions were more likely to stay in a relationship with an abusive partner than women who had an abortion, and were more than twice equally likely to become victims of domestic violence. [114] [73]

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Pro 10

Reproductive choice protects women from financial disadvantage.

Many women who cull abortion don't have the financial resources to back up a kid. 42% of women having abortions are below the federal poverty level. [13] A survey in the peer-reviewed Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health asking women why they had an abortion found that 73% of respondents said they could not beget to accept a baby, and 38% said giving birth would interfere with their education and career goals. [19] A Academy of Massachusetts at Amherst study published in the peer-reviewed American Sociological Review found that women at all income levels earn less when they have children, with low-wage workers being most affected, suffering a xv% earnings punishment. [136]

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Pro eleven

A baby should not come up into the globe unwanted.

Having a child is an of import conclusion that requires consideration, preparation, and planning. The Colorado Section of Public Health and Environs stated that unintended pregnancies are associated with birth defects, low birth weight, maternal depression, increased hazard of kid abuse, lower educational attainment, delayed entry into prenatal intendance, a high risk of physical violence during pregnancy, and reduced rates of breastfeeding. [75] 45% of all pregnancies among American women are unintended. [176]

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Pro 12

Abortion reduces welfare costs to taxpayers.

The Congressional Budget Function (CBO), a nonpartisan federal agency, evaluated a proposed anti-abortion bill that would ban all abortions nationwide subsequently xx weeks of pregnancy, and found that the resulting boosted births would increase the federal deficit by $225 million over nine years, due to the increased need for Medicaid coverage. Also, since many women seeking belatedly-term abortions are economically disadvantaged, their children are likely to require welfare assistance. [129] [130]

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Pro xiii

Abortion reduces crime.

Co-ordinate to a study co-written past Freakonomics co-author Steven D. Levitt, PhD, and published in the peer-reviewed Quarterly Periodical of Economics, "legalized ballgame has contributed significantly to recent crime reductions." Effectually eighteen years subsequently abortion was legalized, law-breaking rates began to drop abruptly, and crime rates dropped earlier in states that allowed abortion earlier. Because "women who have abortions are those most at chance to give birth to children who would appoint in criminal activity," and women who had command over the timing of childbearing were more likely to raise children in optimal environments, criminal offense is reduced when at that place is access to legal abortion. [twenty]

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Pro xiv

Abortion is justified as a means of population control.

Philosopher Peter Singer, MA, Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, defended abortion as a manner to adjourn overpopulation. [137] The United Nations estimated that the world's population volition increase to nine.iii billion past 2050, which would be "the equivalent of calculation some other India and China to the world," according to the Los Angeles Times. [131] Malnutrition, starvation, poverty, lack of medical and educational services, pollution, underdevelopment, and disharmonize over resources are all consequences of overpopulation. [21] With 55.9 million abortions performed worldwide each year, [202], the population increase if abortion were unavailable could be substantial. [132]

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Pro 15

Many religious organizations and people of faith back up women's reproductive pick.

Although many religious groups oppose abortion, the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church, and the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations are all officially pro-choice. [139] [140] [141] The Bible, despite interpretations to the contrary, contains no explicit condemnation of ballgame, and does not portray the killing of a fetus as equivalent to the killing of a human existence. In Exodus 21:22-25, the crime of causing a woman to miscarry is treated as a property law-breaking, whereas killing the woman is considered murder and is punished with the expiry penalisation. [33] While the Cosmic and Lutheran churches oppose ballgame, more of their members believe abortion should exist legal in all or most cases versus illegal in all or most cases (51% vs. 45%, Lutheran; 48% vs. 45%, Catholic). [151] Joe Biden, 47th Usa Vice President, stated that "I accept my [Cosmic] church building'due south position on abortion… Just I refuse to impose it on equally devout Christians and Muslims and Jews, and I just reject to impose that on others… I do not believe that we have a correct to tell other people that — women they tin can't control their body." [138]

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Con i

Abortion is murder.

The killing of an innocent human being is incorrect, even if that human existence has still to exist built-in. Unborn babies are considered human beings by the United states of america government. The federal Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which was enacted "to protect unborn children from assault and murder," states that under federal law, anybody intentionally killing or attempting to impale an unborn child should "be punished… for intentionally killing or attempting to kill a human existence." The act also states that an unborn child is a "member of the species homo sapiens." [126] At least 38 states accept passed similar fetal homicide laws. [127]

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Con 2

Life begins at formulation, so unborn babies are human beings with a correct to life.

Upon fertilization, a human individual is created with a unique genetic identity that remains unchanged throughout his or her life. This individual has a primal right to life, which must be protected. Jerome Lejeune, the French geneticist who discovered the chromosome aberration that causes Down syndrome, stated that "To take the fact that after fertilization has taken identify a new human has come into being is no longer a matter of taste or opinion… The human nature of the man being from conception to old age is not a metaphysical contention, it is plain experimental prove." [15] [16]

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Con 3

Fetuses experience pain during the abortion procedure.

Maureen Condic, PhD, Acquaintance Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Adjunct Acquaintance Professor of Pediatrics at the Academy of Utah School of Medicine, explains that the "most archaic response to pain, the spinal reflex," is developed by eight weeks gestation, and adds that "There is universal agreement that hurting is detected by the fetus in the first trimester." [18] According to Kanwaljeet J. Due south. Anand, MBBS, DPhil, Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Neurobiology at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, "If the fetus is across 20 weeks of gestation, I would assume that in that location will exist hurting acquired to the fetus. And I believe it will exist severe and excruciating pain." [24] Bernard Northward. Nathanson, MD, the late abortion doctor who renounced his earlier work and became a pro-life activist, stated that when an ballgame is performed on a 12-week-old fetus, "We see [in an ultrasound image] the child'due south rima oris open in a silent scream… This is the silent scream of a kid threatened imminently with extinction." [145]

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Con 4

Ballgame is the killing of a human being, which defies the give-and-take of God.

The Bible does not draw a distinction betwixt fetuses and babies: the Greek word brephos is used in the Bible to refer to both an unborn child and an infant. [30] By the time a baby is conceived, he or she is recognized by God, every bit demonstrated in Jeremiah one:5: "Earlier I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and earlier m camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee." [133] The Sixth Commandment of the Bible's Old Attestation, "Thou shalt not impale" (Exodus 20:13), applies to all human beings, including unborn babies. [23] In the Hindu religion, the holy text Kaushitaki Upanishad states that ballgame is an equivalent misdeed to killing one's ain parents. [148] The BBC states that "Traditional Buddhism rejects ballgame because it involves the deliberate destroying of a life." [149]

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Con five

The decision in Roe five. Wade was wrong and should be overturned.

US Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia stated that the right to privacy dedicated in Roe 5. Wade is "utterly idiotic" and should not exist considered bounden precedent: "In that location is no right to privacy [in the United states of america Constitution]." [153] [154] In his dissenting opinion in Roe 5. Wade, Justice William H. Rehnquist stated that an abortion "is not 'private' in the ordinary usage of that word. Nor is the 'privacy' that the Court finds here even a distant relative of the liberty from searches and seizures protected by the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution…" [49] Furthermore, the 14th Amendment bars states from depriving "whatsoever person of life, freedom, or property, without due procedure of law." [155] The Supreme Court overreached in Roe v. Wade when it excluded unborn children from the class of "persons." [156] [157]

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Con 6

Abortions cause psychological impairment.

A peer-reviewed study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Wellness found that "Young adult women who undergo… abortion may be at increased risk for subsequent depression." [44] A peer-reviewed study published in BMC Medicine found that women who underwent an abortion had "significantly higher" anxiety scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Calibration upward to five years after the pregnancy termination. [69] A peer-reviewed study published by the Southern Medical Journal of more than 173,000 American women constitute that women who aborted were 154% more than probable to commit suicide than women who carried to term. [26] A study published in the British Medical Periodical reported that the mean annual suicide charge per unit amid women who had an ballgame was 34.7 per 100,000, compared with a hateful rate of 11.iii per 100,000 in the general population of women. [45] A Periodical of Social and Clinical Psychology study of men whose partners had abortions establish that 51.6% of the men reported regret, 45.two% felt sadness, and 25.viii% experienced depression. [27]

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Con 7

Abortions reduce the number of adoptable babies.

Instead of having the option to abort, women should give their unwanted babies to people who cannot conceive. The pct of infants given up for adoption in the U.s.a. declined from 9% of those born before 1973 to 0.five% of those born in 2014. [53] [203] As a result of the lack of women putting their children upward for adoption, the number of United states infant adoptions dropped from about 90,000 in 1971 to 18,329 in 2014. [46] [203] Effectually ii.6 million Americans are seeking to adopt children. [76]

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Con 8

Selective abortion based on genetic abnormalities (eugenic termination) is overt bigotry.

Concrete limitations don't make those with disabilities less than human. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [54] provides civil rights protection to people born with disabilities so they can pb fulfilling lives. The National Downwardly Syndrome Society states that "people with Down syndrome live at dwelling house with their families and are agile participants in the educational, vocational, social, and recreational activities of the community. People with Down syndrome are valued members of their families and their communities, contributing to society in a variety of ways." [66] The increment in abortions of babies with Down syndrome (over 80% of women cull to abort Downwardly syndrome babies [lxx]) reduced the Downwards syndrome population by xv% betwixt 1989 and 2005. [67]

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Con 9

Women should not exist able to use abortion as a form of contraception.

It is immoral to kill an unborn kid for convenience. [116] The Guttmacher Institute reported that 45% of all women having abortions every year accept had at least i previous abortion, [190] while viii.6% of abortions reported to the Centers for Illness Control and Prevention in 2014 were undergone by women who had three or more previous abortions. [176] This suggests that many women are using abortion every bit a contraceptive method. [78] Freakonomics co-author Steven Levitt, PhD, wrote that after abortion was legalized, "Conceptions rose by nearly 30 percent, but births actually fell by vi per centum, indicating that many women were using abortion as a method of birth control, a crude and drastic sort of insurance policy." [38]

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Con 10

If women become significant, they should accept the responsibility that comes with producing a child.

People demand to accept responsibleness for their deportment and take the consequences. Having sexual intercourse, even when contraceptive methods are used, carries with it the risk of a pregnancy. [128] The unborn baby should non exist punished for a mistake made by adults. If women are unprepared to treat their children, they should at least put them up for adoption.

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Con xi

The original text of the Hippocratic Oath, traditionally taken by doctors when swearing to practice medicine ethically, forbids abortion.

One section of the classical version of the oath reads: "I will not give a woman a pessary [a device inserted into the vagina] to cause an abortion." The modern version of the Hippocratic Adjuration, written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, still effectively forbids doctors from performing abortions in the line, "To a higher place all, I must not play at God." [25]

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Con 12

Abortion promotes a culture in which human life is disposable.

The legalization of ballgame sends a message that human being life has little value. [144] Pope Francis condemned "'the throwaway civilisation'" in Jan. 2014, stating that "what is thrown abroad is not only food and dispensable objects, merely often man beings themselves, who are discarded as 'unnecessary'. For instance, information technology is frightful even to think there are children, victims of abortion, who will never encounter the light of day." [143] House Representative Randy Hultgren (R-IL) wrote in Jan. 2014 that "When nosotros tell ane another that abortion is okay, we reinforce the thought that human lives are disposable, that we can throw away anything or anyone that inconveniences us." [36]

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Con 13

Allowing abortion conflicts with the unalienable right to life recognized by the Founding Fathers of the United States.

The Declaration of Independence states that "[A]ll men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with sure unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." [51] Abortion takes away from the unborn the unalienable right to life that the Founding Fathers intended for all homo beings. [115]

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Con fourteen

Abortion unduly affects African American babies.

In the United states, black women are three.3 times as likely as white women to have an abortion, according to the Guttmacher Institute. [68] In New York Metropolis in 2015, more blackness babies were aborted (23,720) than had live births (23,116). [204] [205]

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Con 15

Abortion eliminates the potential societal contributions of a time to come human existence.

According to Heisman Trophy-winning football game player Tim Tebow, "the reason I'm here" is because his female parent ignored the advice of doctors who recommended an ballgame. [117] Information technology has also been reported that the mothers of entertainers Celine Dion, Cher, and Justin Bieber were either advised to have abortions or were considering the procedure, but chose to give nascency to their babies instead. [118] [120] [119]

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Con 16

Ballgame may lead to time to come medical problems for the mother.

A study published by the peer-reviewed International Periodical of Epidemiology estimated that nigh xv% of start-trimester miscarriages are attributed to a prior history of induced ballgame, and stated that "Induced abortion past vacuum aspiration is associated with an increased adventure of outset-trimester miscarriage in the subsequent pregnancy." [34] A Chinese study published in the peer-reviewed Indian Journal of Cancer constitute an association betwixt chest cancer and a history of abortions [71]. A report published in the peer-reviewed Cancer Causes and Control plant that abortion "is significantly associated with an increased chance of chest cancer" and that "the risk of breast cancer increases as the number of [abortions] increases." [72]

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Did Y'all Know?
i. From Roe five. Wade in 1973 through 2017, over 60 million legal abortions are estimated to have been performed in the Usa – an average of about 1.four million abortions per year. [189] Nearly one in iv US women will take an abortion before age 45. [190]
ii. Although the Cosmic and Lutheran churches oppose abortion, more of their members believe abortion should be legal in all or nearly cases versus illegal in all or most cases (51% vs. 45%, Lutheran; 48% vs. 45%, Catholic). [151]
3. A woman's risk of dying from having an abortion is 0.6 in 100,000, while the adventure of dying from giving birth is around 14 times college (8.8 in 100,000). [3] The mortality charge per unit of a colonoscopy is more than forty times greater than that of an ballgame. [122]
4. 8.half dozen% of abortions reported to the Centers for Disease Command and Prevention in 2014 were undergone past women who had 3 or more previous abortions; 45% of abortions were undergone past women who had one or more previous abortions. [176]
5. 39% of United states of america women live in counties that exercise not provide abortion services. [191] Vii states (KY, MO, MS, ND, SD, WV, WY) have but one clinic left. [194]

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